Population+and+Migration

o yeah! people everywhere

Population growth is primarily caused by natural increase, that is, the excess of births over deaths Population Notes

KEY POINTS:

1) World’s population is growing at 90 million/yr., bulk is in poorer countries.

2) World’s 3 largest population concentrations in Eurasia, the smallest is the most developed and urbanized

3) Population data often are unreliable due to cost and organized challenges of census taking.

4) Population density can be measured on the basis of several different criteria, *revealing contrasting aspects in demography

I) Population Geography- deals with growth, compostion, and distribution of people in relation to spatial variation in physical and cultural geographic conditions. Demography- study of patterns and rates of population change, including birth and death rates, migration trends, and evolving population patterns.

Today’s World Population


 * Region ||  Area (%)  ||  Pop (%)  ||
 * Asia || 29  ||  61  ||
 * Africa || 20  ||  13  ||
 * N. America || 16  ||  8  ||
 * S. America || 14  ||  6  ||
 * Ant. || 9  ||  0  ||
 * Europe || 7  ||  12  ||
 * Oceania || 6  ||  0.5  ||

II) Key Issues in Population Geography

A) Population Growth 1) Environments and natural resources strained by needs of mushrooming population. 2) Populations has incresed fourfold from its level a hundred years earlier.

B) Food Supply

Asians have worst self-reported health || Age standardised 'not good' health rates: by ethnic group and sex, April 2001, England & Wales ||
 * Health
 * [[image:http://www.statistics.gov.uk/images/charts/464.gif caption="This is a graph showing Age standardised 'not good' health rates: by ethnic group and sex, April 2001, England & Wales"]]

C) Health 1) Disease 2) Total Fertility Rate



D) Status of Women E) Migration 1) Immigration

F) Reliablity Of Data 1) Census and population datA

III) Elements of Population

A) Population and Space B) Population Distribution and Density

IV) Major Population Concentrations: East Asia, South Asia, Europe

A) East Asia- highest concentrations; China, Japan, North and South Korea 1) One quarter of world’s population 2) Pop. Density declines from coastal zone toward interior 3) Ribbon- like extensions of density population

B) South Asia- second major concentration; India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka 1) 1.5 billion 2) Ribbon- like extensions of dense population. Majority are farmers

C) Europe- third major concentration; Britain to Russia; including Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Netherlands… 1) 700 million 2) Ribbon- like extension deep into Russia 3) Includes numerous cities and town

D) North America- a far fourth; esat- central US and southeastern Canada 1) 200 million 2) Like Europe, concentrated in major cities 3) Megalopolis- hige urban agglomeration media type="custom" key="3753737"

Vocabulary
 * Carrying Capacity ||  || Ecology The maximum number of individuals that a given environment can support without detrimental effects. ||


 * Cohort ||  || A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit during their lifetimes. ||


 * Demographic equation ||  || (blank) ||


 * Demographic momentum ||  || is the phenomenon of continued population increase despite reduced reproductive rates. ||


 * Demographic regions ||  || A culture region based on the characteristics of demography ||


 * Demographic Transition Model ||  || Multistage model, based on Western Europe's experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. ||


 * Dependecy Ratio ||  || The number of dependents, old and young, that each 100 persons in the economically productive years must on average support. ||


 * Disease Diffusion ||  || when a disease is transmitted to a new location ||


 * Doubling Time ||  || The time period required for any beginning total experiencing a compound growth to double in size. ||


 * Ecumene ||  || The time period required for any beginning total experiencing a compound growth to double in size. ||


 * Epidemiological Transition Model ||  || The reduction of periodically high mortality rates from epidemic diseases as those diseases become essentially continual within a population that develops partial immunity to them. ||


 * Infant mortality rate ||  || The number of infants per 1000 live births that die before reaching one year of age./A refinement of the death rate to specify the ratio of deaths of infants age 1 year or less per 1000 live births. ||


 * J-curve ||  || A curve shaped like the letter J, depicting exponential or geometric growth (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 …). ||


 * Maladaptation ||  || an adaptation that is (or has become) less helpful than harmful ||


 * Malthus, Thomas ||  || Thomas R. Malthus (1766-1843). English economist, demographer, and cleric who suggested that unless self-control, war, or natural disaster checks population, it will inevitably increase faster than will the food supplies needed to sustain it. This view ||


 * Mortality ||  || the condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death; the opposite of immortality. ||


 * Natality ||  || childbirths per 1,000 people per year ||


 * Neo- Malthusian ||  || The advocacy of populations control programs to preserve and improve general national prosperity and well-being. ||


 * Overpopulation ||  || A value judgment that the resources of an area are insufficient to sustain adequately its present population numbers. ||


 * Population Densities ||  || The number of people in an area of land, usually expressed as people per square mile or people per square kilometer./A measurement of the numbers of persons per unit area of land within predetermined limits, usually political or census boundaries. See al ||


 * Population Distributions ||  || descriptions of locat ions on the Earth's surface where populations live. ||


 * Population explosion ||  || The rapid, accelerating increase in world population since about 1650 and especially since 1900. ||


 * Population projection ||  || A statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data. ||


 * Population Pyramid ||  || A bar graph used to show the age and sex composition of a population. /A bar graph in pyramid form showing the age and sex composition of a population, usually a national one. ||


 * Rate of natural increase ||  || Birth rate minus the death rate, suggesting the annual rate of population growth without considering net migration. ||


 * S-curve ||  || The horizontal bending, or leveling of an exponential or J-curve. ||


 * Sex ratio ||  || The numerical ratio of males to females in a population. ||


 * Standard of living ||  || quality and quantity of goods and services available to people, and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population. ||


 * Sustainability ||  || Achieved when an adaptive strategy of land use does not destroy the habitat, allowing generation after generation to continue to live there ||


 * Underpopulation ||  || A value statement reflecting the view that an area has too few people in relation to its resources and population-supporting capacity. ||


 * Zero population growth ||  || A stabilized population created when the average of only two children per couple survives to adulthood, so that, eventually, the number of deaths equals the number of births./A term suggesting a population in equilibrium, fully stable in numbers with birt ||


 * Activity Space ||  || The area in which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity. ||


 * Chain Migration ||  || The tendency of people to migrate along channels, over a period of time from specific source areas to specific destinations./The process by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of friendship or ||


 * Cyclic Movement ||  || movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally. ||


 * Distance Decay ||  || The declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin. ||


 * Gravity Model ||  || A mathematical prediction of the interaction between two bodies (places) as a function of their size and of the distance separating them. Based on Newton's law, the model states that attraction (interaction) is proportional to the product of the masses ( ||


 * Internal Migration ||  || human movement within a nation-state ||


 * Intervening opportunity ||  || The concept that closer opportunities will materially reduce the attractiveness of interaction with more distant -- even slightly better -- alternatives; a closer alternative source of supply between a demand point and the original source of supply. ||


 * Periodic Movement ||  || movement that involves temporary, recurrent relocation ||


 * Personal space ||  || The amount of space that individuals feel "belongs" to them as they move about their everyday business. /An invisible, usually irregular space around person into which he or she does not willing admit others. The sense (and extent) of personal space is a ||


 * Place utility ||  || In human movement and migration studies, a measure of an individual's perceived satisfaction or approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes. In economic geography, the value imparted to goods or services by tertiary activitie ||


 * Push-pull factors ||  || Unfavorable, repelling conditions and favorable, attractive conditions that interact to affect migration and other elements of diffusion. ||


 * Space-time prism ||  || A diagram of the volume of space and length of time within which our activities are confined by constraints of our bodily needs (eating, resting) and the means of mobility at our command ||


 * Step Migration ||  || A migration in which an eventual long-distance relocation is undertaken in stages as, for example, from farm to village to small town to city. See also hierarchical migration. ||


 * Transhumance ||  || a seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock b/t highland and lowland pastures. ||


 * Voluntary Migration ||  || MOvement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move. ||

Push and Pull Factors

Factors of Virginia Beach

[]